The thalamus is made up of several different nuclei. The thalamus is involved in motor function, but only indirectly through directing some extrapyramidal fibers, which control more autonomic functions, to the basal ganglia (Sherman, 2006 Webster, 1999).įIGURE 6-1 Coronal section of the brain showing the epithalamus, thalamus, subthalamus, and hypothalamus.įIGURE 6-2 Medial view of the brain illustrating the location of the thalamus. More specifically, the thalamus processes all sensory information (except olfaction), routing it to specialization cerebral cortex locations, which in turn process the particular type of sensory information (e.g., vision). ![]() Perhaps a more modern-day analogy for the thalamus’s function would be an Internet router, but instead of routing a very general signal, it routes specific information to specific cortical areas. In terms of function, the thalamus has been traditionally viewed as a sensory fiber relay station or switchboard between the cerebral cortex and subcortical areas. Thalamus is a Greek term meaning “inner chamber” or “bedroom.” The thalamus sits on top of the midbrain and consists of two halves, or hemispheres, each being about the size of a walnut ( FIGURE 6-2 ). The diencephalon consists of four parts: the thalamus, subthalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus ( FIGURE 6-1 ). It also connects the nervous system to the endocrine system, our hormone system. ![]() Its location makes it a prime area for connecting the cerebral cortex to the rest of the body. The diencephalon is located between the cerebrum and the brainstem, resting above the midbrain of the brainstem. Special attention will be paid to what these structures might contribute to speech, language, and hearing. In this chapter, the diencephalon, basal ganglia, and brain ventricles will be explored. ■ The learner will list and briefly describe disorders associated with the diencephalon, basal ganglia, and brain ventricles. ■ The learner will describe cerebrospinal fluid's composition and its function. ■ The learner will list the names of the four brain ventricles. ■ The learner will draw the basal ganglia and describe the function of these nuclei. ■ The learner will list the four parts of the diencephalon and briefly describe the function of each. ■ Survey disorders related to damage to the structures listed here ■ Discuss the role of cerebrospinal fluid ■ Survey the form and function of the basal ganglia ■ Learn about the four parts of the diencephalon We will also survey a few select disorders associated with these structures. More specifically, we will learn about the thalamus, basal ganglia, and brain ventricles. In this chapter we will explore what sits above the brainstem and inside the brain-the diencephalon and surrounding structures. ![]() Diencephalon, Basal Ganglia, and Brain Ventricles Neuroanatomy for Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology 2nd Ed.
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